Resources

Things worth keeping open in a tab.

Writing, data, and shared learning from the PUCAR collective.

Blog

Uncover fresh perspectives.

Learnings, perspectives and insights published across the press and the collective’s own notes.

The Indian Express9 Jun 2025
Released at 104: Lakhan Pasi's case shows us why we need people-centric courts Taking the needs and priorities of the people as a starting point for the transformation of the courts holds radical potential for the future. What would courts designed keeping people at the centre look like?
  • People Centric Courts
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EPW7 Jun 2025
Listening to the Litigant What can listening to litigants tell us about how courts can be transformed? A lot. Two stories from litigants about their court experiences, and the questions and insights they leave behind.
  • People Centric Courts
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Live Mint25 Jun 2024
Treat dispute types as the 'unit of change' to reform our justice system Treating specific types of disputes as the unit of change can lead to more tailored, effective solutions and improve overall efficiency in handling cases.
  • Reform
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Field Notes7 Jun 2024
Listening to the Litigants: Notes from a Field Study Understanding the experience of the courts from the ordinary litigant's perspective.
  • People Centric Courts
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Live Mint28 May 2024
The unit of change we aim for can make or break reforms Success in reforms depends on focusing on broader, systemic changes rather than isolated issues, enabling more impactful and sustainable improvements.
  • Reform
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Field Notes1 May 2024
Transforming Dispute Resolution: Who Holds the Key? We can no longer imagine standing in a queue for 30 minutes to withdraw money from a bank, but we accept waiting for years to seek justice. Why this should not be the case anymore.
  • Reform
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India Development Review31 Mar 2022
Can local innovations solve India's justice problem? Local innovations, tailored to community needs, can play a crucial role in addressing gaps in India's justice system, offering more accessible and effective solutions at the grassroots level.
  • Innovation
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India Development Review1 Aug 2018
Justice for all Local innovations are quietly reshaping India's justice system. Grassroots solutions and collaborative efforts are making justice more accessible and effective.
  • Innovation
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Data, Policy, Research and more

An open body of knowledge.

Everything the collective has put into the commons: datasets, policy documents, research, code, and playbooks.

Policy
E-Courts Phase III Policy Agami worked as an expert member to the SC e-Committee to draft the Vision Document for Phase III of the e-Courts policy. INR 7000 Cr has been approved to implement this policy.
Open resource
Open Source
Foundational Digital Infrastructure: DRISTI The world's first open source case management platform for resolution services.
Open resource
Courts
24x7 ON Court, Kerala PUCAR is Knowledge Partner to the High Court of Kerala to launch and scale the 24x7 Open and Networked Court.
Open resource
Dataset
Motor Accident Claims | Ernakulam District Court Case life cycle information for a sample of 50 cases from the Ernakulam District Court MACT, filed and disposed between 2017 and 2022.
Open resource
Dataset
Motor Accident Claims | Bengaluru Small Causes Court Case life cycle information for a sample of 48 cases from the Bengaluru Small Causes Court.
Open resource
Presentation
Diagnosing Issues in MACT Cases Findings on the incentives of actors, volume of cases, and an initial order analysis for motor accident claims.
Open resource
Dataset
Case Life Cycle Dataset: MACT District Court Samples MACT case life cycle information for 100 randomly collected cases from district courts in Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
Open resource
Article
Who is litigating cheque bounce cases? Who are the litigants in Section 138 cases? Does the nature of cases vary based on who the participants are?
Open resource
Code
Cheque Bounce Cases Litigant Classifier Code Code to build a profile of litigants in cheque bouncing cases.
Open resource
Dataset
Profile of litigants in cheque bounce cases Data on the profile of litigants in Mumbai cheque bouncing cases, classified as individuals, financial firms, and non-financial firms.
Open resource
Dataset
Cheque Bounce Cases | Ernakulam District Court Case life cycle information for 48 cases from the Ernakulam District Court's special bench for Negotiable Instruments Act cases.
Open resource
Dataset
Cheque Bounce Cases | Bengaluru Small Causes Court Case life cycle information for 46 cases from the Bengaluru Small Causes Court.
Open resource
Presentation
Diagnosing Issues in Cheque Bounce Cases Findings on the incentives of actors, litigant analysis, insights from research papers, and an initial order analysis for cheque bounce cases.
Open resource
Dataset
Case Life Cycle Dataset: Cheque Bounce District Court Samples Cheque bounce case life cycle information for 100 randomly collected cases from district courts in Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
Open resource
Presentation
A Day in Court: Time & Motion Study Using time and motion studies to understand the utilisation of judicial time in district courts.
Open resource
Research
Key Questions for Assessing District Court Functioning Research and baselining questions for understanding the current functioning of district courts.
Open resource
Article
The Consequences of Criminalising Cheque Bounce Disputes Which consequences of criminalising cheque bouncing would arise, in reverse, if it were de-criminalised?
Open resource
Research
Evaluating contract enforcement by courts in India: a litigant's lens Using the litigant's expectations as performance metrics, this paper develops an evaluative framework for comparing similar courts.
Open resource
Article
The litigant perspective upon courts A legal system measurement that produces insights for litigants who are litigating debt disputes.
Open resource
Dataset
Debt recovery litigation in Bombay courts A dataset of about 5000 debt dispute cases filed at the Bombay High Court, NCLT Mumbai, and DRT Mumbai.
Open resource
Dashboard
Empowering Litigants to understand Debt Recovery An interactive view of about 5000 debt dispute cases across Mumbai forums, built for litigants.
Open resource
Article
Survey-based measurement of Indian courts Ongoing surveys of user experience of courts can help measure legal system performance and assess the impact of interventions.
Open resource
Dataset
Perception survey of practitioners: Questions & Responses A survey on the functioning of five alternative forums for adjudicating debt disputes.
Open resource
Dataset
Perception survey of litigants: Questions & Responses A survey conducted with litigants at the DRT to understand the functioning of the forum.
Open resource
Open Source
PULSE Protocol The Protocol for Unified Legal Services (PULSE): an open protocol for seamless discovery and engagement of legal service providers.
Open resource
Handbook
ODR Handbook First of its kind, the ODR Handbook contains insights and learnings to equip you to successfully adopt ODR.
Open resource

Learning Circles

Learn with the collective.

Recorded sessions where contributors teach each other. Click any card to watch.